Government Guidelines on Food and Nutrition for Children

Government Guidelines on Food and Nutrition for Children Q1) Construct a table to identify the main government guidelines on food and nutrtion and evaluate the ways in which they can be incorporated into the child care setting. Answer: Food Groups: Fruits Vegetables Grains Protein foods ( meat + beans ) Dairy Babies 0-6 months – breast or formula milk. 6-9 months – milk , dairy, water, variety of different textured solid liquidised meals. 9 months–1 year – milk, water, lumpy foods. Daily recommendation for Grain group. Children 1-3 years old 3 ounce equivalents 4-8 years 5 ounce equivalents Girls 9-13 years 5 ounce equivalents 14-18 years 6 ounce equivalents Boys 9-13 years 6 ounce equivalents 14-18 years 8 ounce equivalents Daily recommendation for Protein foods group. Children 1-3 years old 2 ounce equivalents 4-8 years 4 ounce equivalents Girls 9-13 years 5 ounce equivalents 14-18 years 5 ounce equivalents Boys 9-13 years 5 ounce equivalents 14-18 years 6 ounce equivalents Daily recommendation for Dairy group Children 1-3 years old 2 cups 4-8 years 2 Â ½ cups Girls 9-13 years 3 cups 14-18 years 3 cups Boys 9-13 years 3 cups 14-18 years 3 cups Vitamins and Minerals Recommended Dietary Allowances for Folate. Age Male Female Birth to 6 months 65 mcg 65 mcg 7-12 months 80 mcg 80 mcg 1-3 years 150 mcg 150 mcg 4-8 years 200 mcg 200 mcg 9-13 years 300 mcg 300 mcg 14-18 years 400 mcg 400 mcg 19+ years 400 mcg 400 mcg Recommended Dietary Allowance for Iron Birth to 6 months 0.27 mg 0.27 mg 7-12 months 11 mg 11 mg 1-3 years 7 mg 7 mg 4-8 years 10 mg 10 mg 9-13 years 8 mg 8 mg 14-18 years 11 mg 15 mg Recommended Dietary Allowance for Magnesium. Birth to 6 months 30 mg 30 mg 7-12 months 75 mg 75 mg 1-3 years 80 mg 80 mg 4-8 years 130 mg 130 mg 9-13 years 240 mg 240 mg 14-18 years 410 mg 360 mg Recommended Dietary Allowance for Selenium. 0-6 months 15 mcg 15 mcg 7-12 months 20 mcg 20 mcg 1-3 years 20 mcg 20 mcg 4-8 years 30 mcg 30 mcg 9-13 years 40 mcg 40 mcg 14-18 years 55 mcg 55 mcg Recommended Dietary Allowance for Zinc. Age Male Female 0-6 months 2 mg 2 mg 7-12 months 3 mg 3 mg 1-3 years 3 mg 3 mg 4-8 years 5 mg 5 mg 9-13 years 8 mg 8 mg 14-18 years 11 mg 9 mg 19+ years 11 mg 8 mg Recommended Dietary Allowance for Vitamin A. 0-6 months 400 mcg 400 mcg 7-12 months 500 mcg 500 mcg 1-3 years 300 mcg 300 mcg 4-8 years 400 mcg 400 mcg 9-13 years 600 mcg 600 mcg 14- 18 years 900 mcg 700 mcg Recommended Dietary Allowance for Vitamin B6. 0-6 months 0.1 mg 0.1 mg 7-12 months 0.3 mg 0.3 mg 1-3 years 0.5 mg 0.5 mg 4-8 years 0.6 mg 0.6 mg 9-13 years 1.0 mg 1.0 mg 14-18 years 1.3 mg 1.2 mg Recommended Dietary Allowance for Vitamin D. 0-12 months 10 mcg 10 mcg 1-13 years 15 mcg 15 mcg 14-18 years 15 mcg 15 mcg Recommended Dietary Allowance for Vitamin E. 0-6 months 4 mg 4 mg 7-12 months 5 mg 5 mg 1-3 years 6 mg 6 mg 4-8 years 7 mg 7 mg 9-13 years 11 mg 11 mg 14+years 15 mg 15 mg Q2) Identify and describe the types of food that are unsuitable for babies and young children. You should specify the reasons why these foods are unsuitable. Answer: Honey: Honey may contain the spores of a type of bacterium called Clostridium Botulinum that can cause a very serious illness in babies. The clostridium botulinum bacteria can sometimes occur naturally in honey, and although the bacteria does not grow in the honey and cause problems. It can grow in the gastrointestinal trot of babies less than 1 year of age, and can lead to the medical condition Infant Botulism. Salt and sugar: Salt and sugar shouldnt be added to babies food. Processed foods, foods tinned in brine and snacks such as chips. Gravies and stock cubes, not specifically for infants, are very high in salt. Even small quantities of salt can prove dangerous for babies. This is because at their young age their kidneys are unable to process the salt in the way that adults kidneys can. Young children should avoid sugar, particularly sugar drinks and snacks. Things such as soft drinks, fizzy drinks prepackaged convenience foods, foods are very high in sugar which can be potentially harmful to a babies or young childs developing organs, they also increase the risk of tooth decay and acid erosion. The following foods should be avoided due to the higher risk of food poisoning. *fermented meats *poultry *fish and shellfish *raw sprouts *raw eggs All food should be cooked throughly. Eggs are high in protein and because babies have delicate intestine system they can react to the amount of protein found. After 6 mouths well cooked eggs can be given. Large fishes such as swordfish, shark and marlin contain high levels of mercury which can have a detrimental effect on the development of the nervous system. Nuts: Nuts should not be given to children under the age of 6 as they can be a potentially fatal choking hazard and peanut allergy. However if there is no history of peanut allergy in the family, they can be given to young children in the form of peanut butter or crushed and added to yogurts or cereals. Q3) Design a child record form for a new child joing a home care setting with specific dietary requirement. Describe the dietary requirements and why it should be documented accurately. Answer: Childs name.Prashant Thakor Dietary requirementsIslamic religion. No pork products meat must be halal. foods containg animal fat are not eaten Consequence of the dietary requirement not being followed. against religion. Emergency instructions should ingestion of an allergic food occur.. N/A Necessary medication N/A Emergency contact informationcontact parents immediately to let them know what happened. Parental signature Child care provider signature When Prashant starts the home setting, parents need to fill in information sheets about Prashant and their family religion needs. Prashant can only eat halal meat. This is dietary requirements. Prashant parents need to put this in the information pack so the (practioner) is made aware and can have this information on a file. It will then be written up and displayed in the kitchen area where the food is prepared.so whoever is preparing the food is aware of all childrens requirements. It is important to make sure all childrens dietary requirements are presented this way to make sure they are eating what their parents have specified and not breaking their religion needs. As well children with allergies if this is not displayed in the cooking area or on file, the child may come to harm from having food they shouldnt. Q4) Define the 4 childhood chronic diseases identified in the course manual, and discuss the ways in which development can be effected. Answer: Asthma: Asthma is a disease that effects the lungs and airways. Children is asthma, their airways are always slightly inflamed compared to other children airways. When children come into contact with dust, animals, smokers or carring out daily activities like PE, running around in the playground, this can lead to them becoming out of breath, wheezing, coughing which leads to their airways becoming more inflamed leading to an attack and the children panicking. Children with asthma tend to take medicine or have inhalers to control their asthma, however if a attack occurs it does not help. Asthma affects childrens physical development as when running around thisb makes them become wheezy and out of breath leading to them missing PE activities or if they have attacks this can result in children missing school and missing out on daily activities and not being able to catch up. Diabetes: Diabetes is where the body does not produce enough insulin from the pancreas which is needed to collect glucose to give children the energy to carry out daily activities without feeling to tired or ill. There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes which is controlled on a healthy diet and insulin injections and type 2 is more controlled with just a healthy diet and when the children go into adulthood they may need medication or insulin. Diabetes can affect childrens development because they can become tired and confused which can affect their concentration in school and their learning. In some cases children become frustrated and worried about the affects of their diabetes in school, as at home they may incur bed wetting by accident. They may have a smelly breath and worry about what their peers will say. Cystic Fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis is a inherited disease. It is where to much mucus has built up in the child lungs causing infections and shortness of breath . It can cause delay in a childs growth and to gain weight. The child may have a lot of time off school due to regular injections. Some children might be able to go to school however will not be able to cope playing and PE lessons. Cerebral Palsy: Cerebral Palsy is caused by damage to the brain prior to birth, even though the damage does not get any worse, it does not get any better. A child with cerebral palsy demonstrates some physical difficulties because the individual child and their lack of control of their muscles which can lead to stift painful limbs. Some children struggle to walk, run have good posture and even sitting down with their legs crossed. They struggle to develop the ability to do this due to the muscles and limbs.

Puppy vs Older Dog

So you are in the market for a family dog, adopting a puppy can get very frustrating and over-whelming. There are many things to consider when looking for a dog. One choice to start with would be adopting a puppy or adopting an older dog, which would best suite your families lifestyle. Many people with careers, families, and hobbies do not have time to train a puppy and they forget to take that into consideration upon purchasing. I suggest adopting an older dog is the wisest choice considering they are more predictable, require a lesser amount of attention, and tend to be less costly.There are many differences between the behavior and predictability of an older dog and a puppy. How can you resist a cuddly, cute, and pudgy, little puppy. By adopting a puppy you are never too certain on what you are getting yourself into. A puppy is an adorable pet, but that stage will only last for the first year or so. They will soon grow out of that adorable little animal and turn into a dog. Adopti ng an older dog is pretty much predictable, what you see is what you get.Although, you will not be able to enjoy that cute ball of energy, you will have a better idea of the over all personality of your dog and how it will act more on a day to day basis. The dog will be at its full size from the earliest of a year old to three years old, and the crazy chewing and nipping stage is most likely out of the way because they will have all their teeth in. When teaching older dogs a new habit, they are more mind-set and alert on what is going on, making them easier and faster to train. With this being mentioned, you can teach a dog new tricks!Older dogs are less time consuming is another measure when taking into account on adopting a new family dog. They can be left alone for a longer period of time, anywhere between 8-12 hours, which a puppy would not be able to do. As read in the Housetraining article, â€Å"Generally speaking, a puppy can control his bladder one hour for every month of age. So if you're puppy is two months old, he can hold it for about two hours. Don't go any longer than this between bathroom breaks or he's guaranteed to have an accident. † (â€Å"Housetraining†, 2012, Para. ). There are other factors to take into consideration when speaking about time consuming. No matter what kind of dog you choose you will still need to have daily routine care, exercise, and affection available. This being said, all dogs will need to be picked up after, feed 1-3 times a day, taken for walks, brushed, petted and even just cuddled with. A dog is basically a member of your family, they are very comparable to having your own child. Treat them with love and affection. Even the matter of discipline takes time and effort.Many people get sick and tired of yelling at there dog and showing it the right thing to do. Dogs are very intelligent canines and will eventually catch on to what you are showing them, it is just a matter of time and patients that you ac company yourself with. Finally, how much is that doggie in the window? Dr. Williams proclaims, â€Å"The expense of owning a pet is probably the most overlooked consequence of any pet-owner relationship. Advances in pet care, especially in the development of pet foods and medical research, have caused ownership costs to increase over the last 10 years.Since it's not likely that this trend will reverse itself any time soon, potential â€Å"pet parents† should consider their finances before taking home a new pet. † (Williams, 2013, para. 4). Aside from adoption costs, there are other expenses such as, dog bowls, dog toys, dog food, first visit vet costs, leash, collar, tags, and dog license. Adopting an older dog will mean the dog will tend to be bigger than that of a puppy, therefore it will eat more inquiring more money monthly being spent on food.Although if you are adopting a puppy there are more factors that influence the cost a long with the ones listed above you w ill also need to get the dog spayed/neutered, cage, crate, carrying bag, and possibly training classes. Factoring in all these necessities, a puppy’s first year may cost up to $1500. 00 and an older dog can be nearly $800. 00, having pets are not as cheap as they once were, when people just kept them outside in doghouses all day long. Nowadays we treat them like family and loyal companions.Between the time availability, money factors, and predictability of what you are getting yourself into I would consider adopting an older dog is a clear and satisfying choice. Not only will you be happy with the dog you choose but you are also adopting your new best friend. References Housetraining Puppies. (2012). The humane society of the United States. Retrieved from http://www. humanesociety. org/animals/dogs/tips/housetraining_puppies. html Williams, J. (2013). What is costs to own a dog. Pet place. Retrieved from http://www. petplace. com/dogs/what-it-costs-to-own-a-dog/page1. aspx

Should Aliens Be Legal - 1784 Words

Aliens have always been a curiosity for us as a species. Tall slender body, glowing bright green, swollen head, deep black eyes; all characteristics of the generic alien. From a young age, we are taught that there might be someone else out there in the universe; we just haven’t met them yet. The question of whether or not we believe in aliens is a hard question to answer because we just do not know. There is no substantial amount of evidence to support either claim. However, the thought that another form of life might exist out in the universe is a diverse theory; room for extrapolation. Curiosity has driven us to create all sorts of alien situations and allows us to think deeply about all the different ways aliens could look like, all the different activities aliens could be able to do, and all the different reasons aliens might make contact with us. Curiosity has also driven us to think about exactly how much more advanced these â€Å"others† might be. Since the begin ning of the 20th century, the technological level of aliens in film and popular culture has developed from primitive beings to full force technological masterminds— mirroring our own technological narrative. When I hear the word â€Å"monster,† the first image that comes to mind is the cute, illustrated, blue, white spotted monster from the children’s book Monsters Don’t Eat Broccoli by Barbara Jean Hicks. My mother would read me this book as a child before bedtime. She did this because the monsters drawn in the bookShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay on Immigration1148 Words   |  5 Pagesis probably looking for a fresh start, or even a place to spread their knowledge. The big question is should illegal immigrants be granted amnesty? After the resources and argument, it is believed that Amnesty should be given to illegal aliens. What is amnesty? Amnesty is a pardon for someone who was convicted in a crime. Amnesty is tangled with the term â€Å"Illegal Aliens†. 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Find the Inflection Points for the Normal Distribution

One thing that is great about mathematics is the way that seemingly unrelated areas of the subject come together in surprising ways. One instance of this is the application of an idea from calculus to the bell curve. A tool in calculus known as the derivative is used to answer the following question. Where are the inflection points on the graph of the probability density function for the normal distribution? Inflection Points Curves have a variety of features that can be classified and categorized. One item pertaining to curves that we can consider is whether the graph of a function is increasing or decreasing. Another feature pertains to something known as concavity. This can roughly be thought of as the direction that a portion of the curve faces. More formally concavity is the direction of curvature. A portion of a curve is said to be concave up if it is shaped like the letter U. A portion of a curve is concave down if it is shaped like the following ∠©. It is easy to remember what this looks like if we think about a cave opening either upward for concave up or downwards for concave down. An inflection point is where a curve changes concavity. In other words it is a point where a curve goes from concave up to concave down, or vice versa. Second Derivatives In calculus the derivative is a tool that is used in a variety of ways. While the most well-known use of the derivative is to determine the slope of a line tangent to a curve at a given point, there are other applications. One of these applications has to do with finding inflection points of the graph of a function. If the graph of y f( x ) has an inflection point at x a, then the second derivative of f evaluated at a is zero. We write this in mathematical notation as f’’( a ) 0. If the second derivative of a function is zero at a point, this does not automatically imply that we have found an inflection point. However, we can look for potential inflection points by seeing where the second derivative is zero. We will use this method to determine the location of the inflection points of the normal distribution. Inflection Points of the Bell Curve A random variable that is normally distributed with mean ÃŽ ¼ and standard deviation of ÏÆ' has a probability density function of f( x ) 1/ (ÏÆ' √(2 Ï€) )exp[-(x - ÃŽ ¼)2/(2ÏÆ'2)]. Here we use the notation exp[y] ey, where e is the mathematical constant approximated by 2.71828. The first derivative of this probability density function is found by knowing the derivative for ex and applying the chain rule. f’ (x ) -(x - ÃŽ ¼)/ (ÏÆ'3 √(2 Ï€) )exp[-(x -ÃŽ ¼) 2/(2ÏÆ'2)] -(x - ÃŽ ¼) f( x )/ÏÆ'2. We now calculate the second derivative of this probability density function. We use the product rule to see that: f’’( x ) - f( x )/ÏÆ'2 - (x - ÃŽ ¼) f’( x )/ÏÆ'2 Simplifying this expression we have f’’( x ) - f( x )/ÏÆ'2 (x - ÃŽ ¼)2 f( x )/(ÏÆ'4) Now set this expression equal to zero and solve for x. Since f( x ) is a nonzero function we may divide both sides of the equation by this function. 0 - 1/ÏÆ'2 (x - ÃŽ ¼)2 /ÏÆ'4 To eliminate the fractions we may multiply both sides by ÏÆ'4 0 - ÏÆ'2 (x - ÃŽ ¼)2 We are now nearly at our goal. To solve for x we see that ÏÆ'2 (x - ÃŽ ¼)2 By taking a square root of both sides (and remembering to take both the positive and negative values of the root  ±ÃÆ' x - ÃŽ ¼ From this it is easy to see that the inflection points occur where x ÃŽ ¼  ± ÏÆ'. In other words the inflection points are located one standard deviation above the mean and one standard deviation below the mean.